Ring-gear teeth divided by pinion teeth
Count the teeth on the ring (crown) gear and the pinion. Ratio is ring ÷ pinion, shown as x.xx : 1 (for example 41 / 11 = 3.73 : 1). That is the axle (differential) ratio stamped on many housings — not transmission first gear, not crawl ratio, and not an “effective” ratio that folds in tire diameter.